By Michele Wunderlich, Principal Environmental Planner, Cayuga County Planning Department

As the beautiful fall colors arrive and leaves begin to drop, it’s important to remember that how we manage those fallen leaves can affect the health of our local lakes, rivers, and streams.

When leaves break down, they release phosphorus, a natural nutrient that plants need — but too much of it in the water can lead to algae growth, poor water quality, and harm to fish and other wildlife. When leaves are raked or blown into the street, ditches, or storm drains, rain and melting snow can wash them straight into nearby waterways. That is why managing leaf litter properly is key to keeping our water clean and healthy.

Easy, Lake-Friendly Ways to Manage Leaves

Mulch them:
Run your lawn mower over leaves to shred them into small pieces. These mulched leaves naturally decompose, enriching your soil with nutrients and improving its structure.

Compost them:
Mix fallen leaves with grass clippings and other “green” materials to create nutrient-rich compost for your garden. It’s an easy way to recycle organic matter and give back to your soil.

Leave them in place:
In garden beds, around trees, or in wooded areas, let leaves stay where they fall. They provide habitat and food for beneficial insects, protect soil, and help retain moisture.

Keep dead stalks:
Avoid cutting down dead stems or branches until spring. They serve as shelter for overwintering insects and birds, helping local wildlife make it through the colder months.

Why It Matters

Protects water quality — Keeps excess phosphorus out of our lakes and streams.
Reduces waste — Keeps leaves out of landfills and supports a more sustainable, “circular” economy.
Improves soil — Adds organic matter, helping your soil stay healthy and moist.
Supports wildlife — Provides food and shelter for pollinators, insects, and birds.
Helps meet Cayuga County and state goals — Aligns with Cayuga County and statewide efforts to reduce waste and protect our natural resources.

Every Leaf Counts

By managing your leaves responsibly, you’re doing more than keeping your yard tidy — you’re helping protect clean water, support wildlife, and strengthen your community’s environmental health.

Let’s keep our yards beautiful and our waters clean — one leaf at a time!